Marriott Goals and Objectives - Hotel Marketing Plan Free Sample

Questions: Prepare a Strategic Marketing Plan that comprises the following sections: 1. Executive Summary 2. Mission Statement 3. Goals and Objectives 4. Market Segmentation Strategy 5. Positioning Strategy 6. Strategic Action Plan Answers: 1. Executive Summary This paper described the strategic marketing plan on Courtyard by Marriott Hotel which is owned by Marriott International. Courtyard by Marriott Hotel began for business traveler, but also they provide services according to families. The main objective of this paper is to present the segmentation, positioning and action plan strategy for Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. The aim must realistic and applicable so that the hotel can use it in their strategy marketing plan. Hotel industry contributes 6.23 percent to Indias GDP and 8.78 percent of total employment in our nation. Hotel industry includes the business hotels, resort hotels, airport hotels, suites hotels, casino hotels, apartment hotels, conference centers and convention centers. Marriott International is the leading organization in the lodging industry. The constant growth of this industry is enhancing the countries to depend on the revenue generating in the hotel industry. Marriott International is expended their business in Gu jrat (India) through new branch of Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. Indeed, Courtyard by Marriott Hotel was founded in the Ahmedabad near Gulmohar Park Mall. It is near from all business stops such as world-class silver screen, Shaking Minarets, biggest shopping center of Gujarat and the Gandhi Ashram. Further, our recommendations for the strategy marketing plan is to look at three year time horizon with achievable short term goals to motivate the prospect of a constant commitment. Further, most of visitor in Gujart belongs to Ahemedabad and abroad visitor especially USA visitor comes in Ahemedabad. So, we should expand our business in Ahemadabad region through best Hotels services. 2. Mission Statement The mission statement of the Courtyard Marriott Hotel is to provide excellent lodging facilities and services to our guest. The main objectve of a mission statement is to provide high quality standards in our food, rooms and beverage department. The mission statement would support the organization to improve the customers awareness towards the offering the brands of its hospitality. It would also help to determine the customers needs and desires. Chart 1 also defined the meaning of mission statement. (Chart 1, Source: Preece, Smith Moodley 2007) 3. Goals and Objectives The main goal of this research study is to determine the specific activities and standards which perform or achieve to effectively carry out its mission. Goal must specific as compare to mission because it require a certain level of achievement that can be measured and observed. Measurable goals motivates hotel staff to perform effectively when enables management to watch staff progress. (Kraus 2005) The main goal of this study is to maintain its brand image in the worldwide hotel industry through provides excellent service to their consumer. Management could explain when goals are being achieved and any corrective action will necessary. These are some objectives that are achieved through this strategy marketing plan to accomplish the broader objective of the research. To provides world-class service in the specific region at affordable rates. (Kraus 2005) Promote sustainable tourism through foster of hospitality and product that are in full concord with the social, economic, physical, cultural and political environment of the Indian region. (Kotler 2011) Provide an effective hospitality which can satisfy customer needs or desire. Enhance the contribution of tourism to the cultural, economic and social development of the region. (Kraus 2005) Enhance the quality services as compare to their closest competitors in their product and make an important contribution to the foster of the sector through the promotion of professionalism. To increase brand value of the Marriott Hotel. To develop awareness in the Indian Hotels and attract them. To target the high class people, those preferred the quality services. (Kraus 2005) 4. Market Segmentation Strategy Indeed, market segmentation is the subdivision or part of overall market with specific needs, desires and characteristics of the customers. In the other word, it is process of dividing the market into and more groups of consumers and each group must similar as well as certain character and customer needs or desires. (Dibb Simkin 2013) Market segmentation will be classified in these factors that are: Geographic segmentation: Geographic segmentation includes the dividing the market into its specific area such as city, state, region and nation. We can also divide in the urban and rural market segmentation. (Jafari 2008) Further, Marriott geographic segmentation strategy is the local customer oriented. They opened Courtyard in Ahemedabad for attracting the business people and especially business travelers. Demographic segmentation: It is based on age, religion, family, gender, size, income and education. (Mukherjee 2014) Hotel Marriott has several branches including courtyard and suits such as Fairfield inn, residence inn. Suits are on spring hill, suites on Town place. Suits hotel and Fairfield have free Wi-Fi and lobby facilities for their business travelers which belong to different age, income and education backgrounds. Business people are the used of heavy technology so they provided full speed Wi-Fi in suite hotel. Every suit have good space for work, comfortable sitting facilities and iPod docks and they also have two connection with voice mail and data port. (Sturman, Corgel Verma 2011) Psychological segmentation: It is dividing on the basis of consumer attitudes, interest, personal traits, values and lifestyle. Psychological segmentation will allow you to develop luxury hotel to satisfy their consumer which have different lifestyle, values, attitudes and traits, especially in Hotel Marriott so they created two luxury hotels such as hotel courtyard and bulgari resort etc. Most of travelers in Gujrat belong to businessmen profession which prefer luxurious courtyard for stay. (Wedel Kamakura 2000) You would find many especial dishes and recipes in Hotel Marriott that cant be easily available in other places. They also provided live music and thrilling shows in their renaissance hotel. A renaissance hotel also helps to discover food, local wine and culture. They opened many branches in the all over the world such as Thailand, Sweden and China to satisfy the interest of adventure of travelers. (Sturman, Corgel Verma 2011) Due to lot of visitors comes in Ahemedabad in the 2003 as per chart 2, which is main reason for established Marriot hotel branch in the Ahemedabad. Chart 2 shown that most of visitors comes from new jersey (USA) which wanted high services quality so how to satisfied their needs or desires. So, Marriott Hotel should provide excellent lodging facilities as per guest requirement. Further, Hotel Marriott also provides various services. Therefore, you can enjoy at the wedding and get full relax. Customer can select where they can enjoy wedding in Hotel Marriott and resorts. They are also very good in arranging the tablets and menus that are given in final farewell of any occasion which occurred in Hotel Marriott. (Chart 2, Source: TripAdvisor 2015) (Chart 3, Source: TripAdvisor 2015) 5. Positioning Strategy Positioning strategy is marketing activities which determine the market problem and opportunity and create a solution through market research, data and segmentation. In other words, positioning strategy means make a different product and service which can beat your competitors and then evaluate which market niche to fill your needs or desires. Positioning is the significant part of marketing plan. So, Hotel Marriott team member will consider the following positioning strategies that are: Brand positioning strategy: It is lifeblood of the business. It shows the organization personality and values. Brand positioning means creates the unique, credible and sustainable position in the mind of the consumer. Brand positioning requires several qualities that include clarity, relevance, patience, commitment and courage. (O'Guinn, Allen Semenik 2011) Further, Marriott Hotel is the world-class luxury brand organization in hotel industry which provides an environment of simple elegance. Once guest feel comfortable, welcome and free to them. Marriott Hotel is becoming popular brand in the worldwide in hotel industry. Product positioning strategy: It is the image which product produces in the mind of customers as compare to other products of the same organization. Marriott hotel produce several kind of product facilities for their visitors, guest and travelers. They provide seven sets of attributes that are external factors such as size, location, building shape, types of pool and landscape design. Rooms like dcor of the room, bathroom and type of cooling or heating. Security factors such as security guards, video camera and smoke detectors for 24/7 hours basis. Lounge facilities such as atmosphere and clientele. Services facilities are such as bellman, car rental, registration and reservation. Leisure time facilities such as room game, children playroom, exercise room and tennis room. Food services like breakfast dinner in room, stores and vending services etc. (Kotler 2011) Competitive pricing strategy: Marriott hotel pricing strategy is the challenging issue in itself which need several consultations before finalizing. Competitive pricing strategies utilized by hotel to signal quality or value. The main objective of this pricing strategy is to maximize revenues in hotel industry. (Collins Parsa 2006) Hotel Marriott provides several kinds of room such as deluxe, semi-deluxe and super-deluxe and their rates are also different so according to traversal requirement to stay in the different variety of room. Due to some other competitors they started to provide various kinds of room facilities which can beat their closest competitors and satisfy their consumers. Marriott feels that their caliber when they reduce their final price for their consumer. Pricing strategy based on promotion, sales campaign and fixed amount. In spite of various challenges in pricing strategy it can be beat their competitors and able to established their image in the target market. Competitive positioning strategy: Competitive positioning strategies define that how your product and services are differ from you competitors and which kinds of value you provide and how it is differ from the alternatives. Marriott Hotels have many competitors in the hotel industry but it is becoming world leader organization in the luxury lodging. Courtyard by Marriott offer several hotel rooms such as deluxe rooms, executive rooms and executive suites. All rooms have carpet flooring which looks attractive in whole day and night. So, their competitors havent these kinds of variety of product so it is easily launched in the target market. (Kotler 2011) 6. Strategic Action Plan Marketing strategy: Marketing strategy is process which helps to increase the sales and achieving the competitive advantages. Marketing strategy includes all short term and long term activities that deal with starting condition of organization, evaluation, formulation and selection of market-oriented strategies. So, they contributed to achieve the goals of organization and its marketing objectives. A marketing strategy must focus on the main concept that customer satisfaction is the main goals. Further, a marketing strategy became more effective when they integral component of corporate strategy, prospect and competitors in the market arena as a corporate mission and corporate goal. Strategy marketing plan includes a set of particular actions required to successfully execute a marketing plan. Marketing strategy contain of a well thought out of series of tactics to create strategy marketing plan more attractive and effective. Marketing strategy helps to fulfill organization marketing objectives, policies, goals and action plan sequence (tactics) into a single area. This marketing strategies teach us that where are you going in your organization. Make estimate that how long time it will take to fulfill its objectives and goals. Indian has lots of luxurious as well as Courtyard by Marriott Hotel which are facing very tuff competitions in current world. To handle this competition, the hotels are using marketing strategies to improve their revenue and to face market competition condition. This research provide an efforts to evaluate and analyze the role of marketing strategy of Courtyard by Marriott Hotel in India and its impact on annual revenue or income. The focus of the report is to analyze the marketing strategy in the regard of their objectives and target markets. Marketing strategy provides the guidance and way to achieve marketing objective of the Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. (Lasune 2012) The marketing strategy analysis can find main competitors of the Courtyard by Marriott Hotel which enable the organization to offer its appropriate designed marketing mix in order to acquire the objective of the organization. Marketing strategies supports to minimize risk due to alters in competitors strategies, changes in product and services and changes in technology of Hotel industry. If risk or contingencies take particular area then the alternative strategies are put into action to reduce the risks. Marketing strategies of the Courtyard by Marriott have several sales promotional strategies to put into action in order to face the challenges of their closest competitors strategies. Corporate Suites, Art Reverie and The Garden Palace are closest competitors of the Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. (Singh 2014) Marketing strategy makes easy to organizing, controlling and directing and short term planning of the organizing activities. Marketing strategy has function of marketing segmentation of Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. These strategies are supporting to determine the market segmentations such as geographic, demographic and psychological market segmentations. (Lasune 2012) Marketing strategy supports organization to find the competitive advantage. Through the competitive advantage, it can be identify the competitive difference which can compete effectively at the marketplace. The organization can enjoy in the competitive areas such as corporate or brand image, product superiority, service superiority and distribution network. (Kotler 2011) The main function of marketing, promotion, advertising and sales are to identify and acquire enough guests to maintain a profitable level of business. In the Courtyard by Marriott Hotels have full time marketing and sales department of hospitality organizations which arrange guestroom, lounges, dining room and meeting space. However, sales are a significant part of every staff of the organization. It is not an individual person responsibility to raised it. (Lasune 2012) Hotel industry marketing strategy includes new material on a number of topics, innovation and development of product and service, increase the market shares, increase the corporate image, relationship marketing, promotional strategies, advertising policy and public relation, customers satisfaction and relationship, food and safety. After the marketing strategies setting, we would create action plan. The action plans are specific and they expand on the marketing strategy which provides more detailed answer to what is going to be done in strategic marketing plan. The action plan sets a timetable so it is easy to follow them. It is apparently show that who is responsible for implementing for action plan so there are no misunderstanding and everybody in the organization knows that what their role is in the action plans themselves. Action plan is an idea or thought of marketing campaigns. They depicted that coordinatation program of marketing activities are the product design, communication, promotion, pricing and distribution. (Middleton et al 2009) Innovation tactics: Innovation means introduction of a new discovery or idea to the marketplace. Innovation action established value through new product, new services and new experiences, but innovation is not as similar to improvement. Because of improvement only related to existing solutions. Innovation is nearest to invention. Indeed, invention means discovery of a new ideas. Every organization has space for innovation actions. Every innovation needs a leader and innovation require also time. Hotel management must generator of innovation actions by creating its own awareness and employees. Every employee hasnt ability to act innovatively and you should provide reward quickly those personal traits deliver innovation activity in the business. (Kossakowsak 2013) Further, there are several categories of innovation tactics or strategies offered by different researcher. The five kinds of innovation tactics are commonly used by researcher in the industry. These are process innovation, pr oduct or services innovation, marketing innovation, business model innovation and organization innovation tactics. The main objective of process innovation tactics is to increase the productivity. In the other word, it is process of investments and technology advances. Product or services innovation is purely new tactics in the market. Marketing innovation is concerned to improving service quality and development of marketing mix. Business model innovation developed the market share of organization through attracting new consumer. Finally, organization innovation includes enhancing employee responsibilities or duties and creating new technique to coordinate and control staffs. (Iplik, Topsakal Dogan 2014) These are following innovation marketing tactics which used in Courtyard by Marriott Hotel to improve their services in the lodging sector. Pre-conference before face to face meeting: Courtyard by Marriott is providing the pre-conference facilities to their traveler, guest and visitor. These tactics are attracting to their business class customer which has engage in lot of business meeting in routine work. In the meeting many time and money spend so they are providing pre-conference which is attracting many organization as well as individual person. (SocialTables 2014) Use of social media: Courtyard by Marriott Hotel is using social media to attract their customer and visitors. They explained all facilities through social media tools such as Facebook and Twitter blogs. Through Facebook, they are attracting youth as well as business class visitors which has weekly or monthly meeting in the near of Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. They provide roadmap for Hotels to railways station and bus stand through Facebook app which is very helpful for new visitor and travelers. (Kotler 2011) Use experience to fulfill anticipate needs: Courtyard by Marriott is concentrating on the anticipate needs or requirement of the consumer such as free Wi-Fi, parking vouchers, discounted coffee and early check-in and late check out. Hotel management team is arranging already existing demand from their customers. (SocialTables 2014) Through this way, you can show your clients that not only you understand their needs or desires, but also you have proper solution for their problems. This small motion will be appreciated by your clients and it will save both of time and headache of communication between each others. Timeline for each strategic initiative: Phase 1: The first phase is concerned to marketing strategy. Therefore, it would take few months that are given below: Planning of Marketing policies 15 days to 30 days Meeting with marketing division and first line personals 15 days only Meeting between marketing group, marketing department and marketing intermediaries 15 days Execution of marketing strategy in specific part of market 1-2 month Review of marketing strategy 1 month In the end, implementation of final strategy in entire target market 1-2 month Phase 2: The second phase describes the customer orientation strategy. Therefore, followings are timetable for customer-oriented strategy: Feedback collection from customers 1 month Review of customers problems and formation of solution strategy 15 days Implementation of customer satisfaction strategy 15 days Evaluation of customers experience 1 month References Collins, M, Parsa, HG, 2006, Pricing strategies to maximize revenues in the lodging industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(1), 91-107. Dibb, S, Simkin, L, 2013, Market Segmentation Success: Making It Happen, Routledge, New York. Fyall, A, Garrod, B, 2005, Tourism Marketing: A Collaborative Approach, Channel View Publications, New York. Iplik, FN, Topsakal, Y, Dogan, O, 2014, strategic innovation: an empirical study on hotel firms operating in antalya region, Isindexing.com, 2(1), 16-29. Jafari, MA, 2008, Using a Geographic Information System to Develop a Marketing Geographic Segmentation Model for Continuing Education Programs, ProQuest, New York. Kossakowsak, E, 2013, 20 Tips To Build Innovation Into Your Hotels Sales And Marketing Processes, view 14 January, 2015 from: https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4061062.html Kotler, P, 2011, Principles of Marketing, Pearson Education India, New Delhi. Kraus, NP, 2005, Frommer's USA, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Lasune, S, 2012, Marketing strategies and quality management of five star hotels in order to improve its revenue with special reference to selected five star hotels in Mumbai. Abhinav national monthly refereed journal of reasearch in commerce management, 4(1), 28-36. Middleton, Victor TC, Morgan, FA, Ashok, MR, 2009, Marketing in travel and tourism. Fourth edition, Elsevier Ltd, London. Mukherjee, R, 2014, Demographic Segmentation- An Understanding Of A Fundamental Marketing Concept, view 14 January, 2015 from: https://www.udemy.com/blog/demographic-segmentation/ O'Guinn, T, Allen, C, Semenik, R, 2011, Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion, Cengage Learning, Ohio. Pathak, J, 2010, Gujrat Is 10th Popular Domestic Tourism State In India, But Foreign Tourist Are Just Minute, view 14 January, 2015 from: https://gujaratmoney.com/2010/07/07/gujarat-is-10th-popular-domestic-tourism-state-in-india-but-foreign-tourists-are-just-minute/ Preece C., Smith P. Moodley K. (2007). Construction Business Development.UK: Routledge. Reece, M, 2010, Real-Time Marketing for Business Growth: How to Use Social Media, Measure Marketing, and Create a Culture of Execution, Pearson Education, New Jersey. TripAdvisor, 2015, Courtyard by Marriott Ahmedabad, view 14 January, 2015 from: https://www.tripadvisor.in/Hotel_Review-g297608-d1557534-Reviews-Courtyard_by_Marriott_Ahmedabad-Ahmedabad_Gujarat.html Wedel, M, Kamakura, WA, 2000, Market Segmentation: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts. Sturman, MC, Corgel, JB, Verma, R, 2011, The Cornell School of Hotel Administration on Hospitality: Cutting Edge Thinking and Practice, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Singh, N, 2014, 24 Best Heritage Hotels In Gujrat, view 14 January, 2015 from: https://www.tourmyindia.com/blog/24-best-heritage-hotels-gujarat/ SocialTables, 2014, 4 Marketing Tactics Hotel Event Managers Need To Succeed, view 14 January, 2014 from: https://blog.socialtables.com/2014/05/20/4-marketing-tactics-hotel-event-managers-need-succeed/ Appendix Exhibit 1: Focus Group 1 What do you think about the Hotel Industry and its importance in your country? 2 Do you think that your company faced challenges, while creating positioning strategy in the global environment, if yes then explain the elements those created challenges for company? 3 Do you think that effective market segmentation strategy provides greater employee satisfaction? 4 What factors are considered by your company, while developing effective marketing segmentation strategy? Exhibit 2: Questionnaire The response from the questionnaire would be used for the completion of MBA dissertation project. The questions are related to strategy marketing plan and their effectiveness to achieve growth in hotel industry for Courtyard by Marriott Hotel. Name: Gender: Department: Q.1 Are the strategy marketing plan of your organization effective to reduce issues and problems at workplace? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Q.2 What are the major benefit of enhancing the Hotel industry in the worldwide? Revenue generation Job creation Reduce poor economic condition All of above Other (Please Specify)

Life, Death and Best Argumentive Essay Topics

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How to Make Your EssaySample essay line graph ielts is a very unique and amazing kind of computerized writing. Unlike traditional articles where the main character develops his or her character, this essay uses its own ielts system. It involves creating an its based on the ideas and facts that you give it.There are several ways of creating your own article by applying different themes, styles and processes to each and every page of your project. But there is only one way to make your essay ielts - by using the same writing material for all the pages in your project. You can even create more than one sample essay line graph ielts.You will find that it is actually pretty easy to do if you only go through the steps needed. The simplest way of creating your own tests based on the information that you have chosen to write about in your article is to go through the tests system that you have downloaded from the internet.For instance, if you are going to write about some young person who's life has led him or her into a complicated situation, all you need to do is to go through the tests that your ielts software has given you and make sure that the information that you have on hand matches up with the facts that you gave your article. This will be even easier if you already have some opinions on the people mentioned in your article already. Once you have done this, all you need to do is to apply the information from your tests to the facts that you have for the entire article.In other words, you just need to apply the information from your article to the facts that you have for your sample essay line graph ielts. For example, if you choose to write about a boy named Jim who is extremely imaginative, you can make your whole article about Jim that you have about him. Or you can go on with your own story based on the fact that Jim is imaginative.All you need to do is to add the facts that you have about the things that happened in Jim's life to the things that he loves t he most. This is how you will get to make your essay tests that will be a lot more detailed. Once you've done this, it will not be hard for you to apply the same method on all of your sample essays.You can use it to create any kind of story that you would like to tell. Of course, the rules will still apply since you will need to put the facts into your story but at least you will have a better understanding of how to apply it for your project.

Weed Is Great Essays - Cannabis Smoking, Entheogens,

Weed Is Great Marijuana Marijuana originated in the middle east (Taiwan, Korea). China plays an important part in Marijuana's history. Hoatho, the first chinese physician to use Cannabis for medical purposes as a painkiller and anesthetic for surgery. In the Ninth Century B.C., it was used as an incense by the Assyrians Herbal, a Chinese book of medicine from the second Century B.C., was first to describe it in print. It was used as an anesthetic 5,000 years ago in ancient china. Many (*) ancient cultures such as the persians, Greeks, East Indians, Romans, and the Assyrians for many things. These were what they used it for: the control of muscle spasms, reduction of pain, and for indegestion. Imagine that if they still practiced this, instead of taking an Alka Seltzer after you had mom's Chili or Tacos, you might be sitting in the living room on the LAY-Z Boy, smoking a joint or however they would take it. The folk medicine of Africa and Asia have used it as an herbal preparation. A mythical and legendary pharmacist and emperor Shen Nung thought using it as a seditive was all right. In 2,700 B.C. that same mythical emperor said it helped female weakness, gout, rheumatism, malaria, beri-beri (?), contipation, and absentmindedness. In 1979 (A.D.) Carlton E. Turner visited China and found marijuana was not in use in formal medical places. J. D. P. Graham of the Welsh National School of Medicine wrote, One not need take to seriously the anecdotal use of it's use for many purposes in China or by the Hindus in the pre-Christian Millennia ...and by the Arabs! In 1890 in England's Lancet said cannabis extract was good for neuralgia, fits, migraine and psychosomatic disorders but not for rheumatic conditions. It is not easy to tell the dosage because of the variations in potency and the irregularity in absorbtion. The time delay before the onset of the possible effects of marijuana lowered it's popularity as a medicine as did the introduction of a variety of new and better medicines like aspirin, morpheine (habit forming), chloral, barbituates tranquilizers, and when it got on the list of drugs thought by the world community to require legal restrictions. Our first President, George Washington, grew cannabis on his plantation. The cannabis he grew was more fibrous and is better known as hemp. Hemp was used to make rope, twine, paper and canvas (the word canvas comes from Cannabis) and was an important crop in the american colonies. In Jamestown, Virginia it was grown for it's fiber qualities in 1611. (Snyder, 1985) The U.S. Pharmacopeia had it listed as a useful medicine from the year 1870 to 1941. A Pharmacopeia is a book of directions and requirements for the preparations of medicines, generally published by an authority; a collection or stock of drugs. This tells us the U.S. Pharmacopeia was an authority on the use of drugs for medical purposes, and said that the use of marijuana for said purposes was helpful. The U.S. Pharmacopeia last listed cannabis (the dried flower tops of the pistillate plants of cannabis sativa) in 1936.(Lovinge,1985,p434) That years epitome of the pharmacopeia and the national formula described the drug for physicians thus:a narcotic poison, producing a mild delirium. Used in sedative mixtures but of doubtful value. Also employed to color corn remedies. The next pharmacopeia released in 1942 (I gather they were relaesed every six years) did not have cannabis sativa in it. The 1937 U.S. dispensatory said:Cannabis is used in medicine to relieve pain, encourage sleep, and to soothe restlessness. We have very little definite knowledge of the effects of therapeutic quantities, but in some persons it appears to produce a euphoria and will often relieve migrainic headaches. One of the great hindrances to the wider use of this drug is the great variability and the potency of different samples of Cannabis which renders it impossible to approximate the proper dose of any individual smaple except by clinical trial. Because of occasional unpleasant symptoms from unusually potent preparations, physicians have generally been overcaustious in the quantities administered. The only way of determining the dose of an individual preparation is to give it in ascending quantities until some effect is produced. (The Book suggested using a fluid extract - powdered cannabis in solution, 4/5 alcohol - three times a day, starting with two or three minims.)(Lovinge,1985,p434) Extracts, tinctures, and herbal packages of cannabis manufactured by many drug companies, was available in any pharmacy until 1941 when The two main professional directories of drugs in the United States dropped it.(Snnyder 1985,p38) It is still used as a medicine

Protein and Skill Essay Example

Protein and Skill Essay Example Protein and Skill Paper Protein and Skill Paper The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules In Chapter 5, the principles of chemistry covered in earlier chapters are applied to the understanding of biological polymers and lipid membranes. The emphasis is on properly linking monomers and their polymers, and on the structural and functional diversity of the different polymer types. Particular attention is given to protein structure, because this is central to understanding subsequent chapters on metabolism, molecular biology, and molecular medicine. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Humans and mice differ because A) their cells have different small organic molecules. B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules. C) their cells make different types of lipids. D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. E) their cells make different types of proteins. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? A) hydroxyl groups B) carbonyl groups C) carboxyl groups D) either carbonyl or carboxyl groups E) either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 1, 4. 3 Skill: Application/Analysis 3) Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions? A) fatty acids B) disaccharides C) DNA D) protein E) amylose Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that A) water is generated by animal metabolism. B) water is consumed by animal metabolism. C) the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water generated, to maintain homeostasis. D) water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is generated during periods of growth. E) water is generated during homeostasis, but water is consumed during periods of growth. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Application/Analysis 5) Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers? A) lipids B) carbohydrates C) proteins D) nucleic acids E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 6) Which of the following is not a polymer? A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) chitin E) DNA Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 7) What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A) phosphodiester linkages B) hydrolysis C) dehydration reactions D) ionic bonding of monomers E) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 8) How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? A) 12 B) 11 C) 10 D) 9 E) 8 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension ) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. D) Hydrolysis creates monome rs, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? A) starch B) glycogen C) cellulose D) chitin E) amylopectin Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 11) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? A) C18H36O18 B) C18H32O16 C) C6H10O5 D) C18H10O15 E) C3H6O3 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Application/Analysis 12) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the ? orm. Which of the following could amylase break down? A) glycogen B) cellulose C) chitin D) glycogen and chitin only E) glycogen, cellulose, and chitin Answer: A To pic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 13) On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer? A) cellulose B) polypeptides C) starch D) amylopectin E) chitin Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 14) A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) monosaccharide D) carbohydrate and lipid only. E) carbohydrate and monosaccharide only. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 15) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A) as a pentose B) as a hexose C) as a monosaccharide D) as a disaccharide E) as a polysaccharide Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 16) All of the following are polysaccharides except A) lactose. B) glycogen. C) chitin. D) cellulose. E) amylopectin. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 17) Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A) They are both polymers of glucose. B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other. C) They can both be digested by humans. D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) Which of the following is true of cellulose? A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 19) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the ? glycosidic linkages of starch but not the ? glycosidic linkages of cellulose. C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the ? glycosidic linkages of starch but not the ? lycosidic linkages of cellulose. D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 20) Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true? A) They are more common in animals than in plants. B) They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C) They generally solidify at room temperature. D) They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. E) They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 21) A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) fatty acid. C) protein. D) nucleic acid. E) hydrocarbon. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. D) They are made by dehydration reactions. E) They contain nitrogen. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 23) The label on a container of margarine lists hydrogenated vegetable oil as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point. B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature. C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more kinks in the fatty acid chains. D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids. E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids? A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. D) They are usually liquid at room temperature. E) They are usually produced by plants. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 25) Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? A) a steroid B) cellulose C) DNA D) an enzyme E) a contractile protein Answer: A Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures? A) creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids B) adding hydrogens to the fatty acids C) creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids D) adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids E) adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Application/Analysis 27) Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids? A) They are essential components of cell membranes. B) They are not soluble in water. C) They are made of fatty acids. D) They are hydrophilic compounds. E) They contribute to atherosclerosis. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) All of the following contain amino acids except A) hemoglobin. B) cholesterol. C) antibodies. D) enzymes. E) insulin. Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 3, 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 29) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires A) the release of a water molecule. B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. C) the addition of a nitrogen atom. D) the addition of a water molecule. E) the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 30) There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? A) different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon B) different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups C) different side chains (R groups) attached to an ? carbon D) different structural and optical isomers E) different asymmetric carbons Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 31) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following? A) removal of a water molecule B) addition of a water molecule C) formation of a glycosidic bond D) formation of a hydrogen bond E) both removal of a water molecule and formation of a hydrogen bond Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they A) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. B) are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. C) are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. D) are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. E) all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 33) Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds? A) triacylglycerides B) polysaccharides C) proteins D) triacylglycerides and proteins only E) triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? A) 101 B) 100 C) 99 D) 98 E) 97 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 5) What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or assisted by hydrogen bonds? A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) tertiary structure D) quaternary structure E) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 36) How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesiz ed using the 20 common amino acids? A) 412 B) 1220 C) 240 D) 20 E) 2012 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 37) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bonds D) phosphodiester bonds E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38) What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond C) disulfide bonds D) hydrophobic interactions E) hydrogen bonds between the R groups Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39) Which type of interaction stabilizes the ? helix and the ? leated sheet structures of proteins? A) hydrophobic interactions B) disulfide bonds C) ionic bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) peptide bonds Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 40) Which level of protein structure do the ? helix and the ? pleated sheet represent? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Sk ill: Knowledge/Comprehension 41) The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an ? helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by A) covalent bonds. B) peptide bonds. C) ionic bonds. D) polar bonds. E) hydrogen bonds. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 42) The tertiary structure of a protein is the A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. B) order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an ? helix or ? pleated sheet. E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptides specific three-dimensional shape? A) ionic bond B) hydrophobic interaction C) van der Waals interaction D) disulfide bond E) hydrogen bond Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 44) At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) all of the above Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 45) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2–OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is –CH2–CH–(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? A) Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. B) Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. C) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. D) Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. E) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. Skill: Application/Analysis 46) Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides? A) Alzheimers only B) Parkinsons only C) diabetes mellitus only D) Alzheimers and Parkinsons only E) Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and diabetes mellitus Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 47) Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would A) alter the primary structure of the protein, but not its tertiary structure or function. B) cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold. C) always alter the biological activity or function of the protein. D) always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity. E) always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 48) Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of ? hemoglobin and two molecules of ? hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits A) altered primary structure. B) altered secondary structure. C) altered tertiary structure. D) altered quaternary structure. E) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 49) What methods may be used to elucidate the structures of purified proteins? A) X-ray crystallography B) bioinformatics C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments D) NMR spectroscopy E) both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 50) In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine? A) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water B) on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water C) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains D) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains E) anywhere in the protein, with equal probability Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 51) Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a proteins three-dimensional structure? A) X-ray crystallography B) bioinformatics C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments D) NMR spectroscopy E) high-speed centrifugation Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 52) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labeled? A) phospholipids B) nucleic acids C) proteins D) amylose E) both proteins and nucleic acids Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 3) What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? A) tertiary protein B) chaperonin C) enzyme protein D) renaturing protein E) denaturing protein Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 54) DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What w ould first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase? A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 1, 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 55) Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct? A) The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. B) The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. C) The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. D) The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. E) The 5 end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 56) One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to A) transmit genetic information to offspring. B) function in the synthesis of proteins. C) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. D) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. E) form the genes of higher organisms. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 57) If 14C-labeled uridine triphosphate is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled? A) phospholipids B) DNA C) RNA D) both DNA and RNA E) proteins Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 58) Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 59) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? A) guanine and adenine B) cytosine and uracil C) thymine and guanine D) ribose and deoxyribose E) adenine and thymine Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 60) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? A) cytosine and guanine B) guanine and adenine C) adenine and thymine D) thymine and uracil E) uracil and cytosine Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 61) If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? A) 10 B) 20 C) 40 D) 80 E) impossible to tell from the information given Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 2) A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. D) 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules. E) 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 63) The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. B) can form a double-stranded molecule. C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar. D) is in the ? configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the ? configuration. E) contains one less oxygen atom. Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2, 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 64) Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? A) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not. B) The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not. C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. D) DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine. E) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 65) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5ATTGCA3, the other complementary strand would have the sequence A) 5TAACGT3. B) 5TGCAAT3. C) 5UAACGU3. D) 3UAACGU5. E) 5UGCAAU3. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 66) What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate? A) sugar-phosphate backbone B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases C) disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes D) twisting of the molecule to form an ? helix E) three-component structure of the nucleotides Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 67) A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs. B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans. C) evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. D) is more closely related to humans than to rats. E) is more closely related to frogs than to humans and also evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 68) Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis? A) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water B) the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water C) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water D) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water E) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water Answer: D Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 9) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32P-labeled phosphate, which of these molecules will be labeled? A) phospholipids B) nucleic acids C) proteins D) amylose E) both phospholipids and nucleic acids Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 70) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled? A) fatty acids only B) nucleic acids only C) proteins only D) amy lase only E) both proteins and nucleic acids Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 1) How will brief heating (to 95 °C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution? A) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate. B) Proteins will unfold (denature). C) Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars. D) Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids. E) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denature). Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2, 5. 4, 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 72) Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing? A) monosaccharide/polysaccharide B) amino acid/protein C) triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer D) deoxyribonucleotide/DNA E) ribonucleotide/RNA Answer: C Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Art Questions [pic] Figure 5. 1 73) If two molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5. 1 were linked together, carbon-1 of one molecule to carbon-4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be A) maltose. B) fructose. C) glucose. D) galactose. E) sucrose. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 74) Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecule shown in Figure 5. 1? A) hexose B) fructose C) glucose D) hexose and fructose only E) hexose and glucose only Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 2 75) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5. 2? A) It is a saturated fatty acid. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 3 76) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5. 3? A) It is a saturated fatty acid. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 77) The molecule shown in Figure 5. 3 is a A) polysaccharide. B) polypeptide. C) saturated fatty acid. D) triacylglycerol. E) unsaturated fatty acid. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 4 78) What is the structure shown in Figure 5. 4? A) pentose molecule B) fatty acid molecule C) steroid molecule D) oligosaccharide molecule E) phospholipid molecule Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 5 79) Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5. ? A) It is a hydrolysis reaction. B) It results in a peptide bond. C) It joins two fatty acids together. D) It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond. E) It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis Refer to Figure 5. 6 to answer the following questions. [pi c] Figure 5. 6 80) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 1) Which bond is a peptide bond? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 82) Which bond is closest to the amino terminus of the molecule? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 7 83) The structure depicted in Figure 5. 7 shows the A) 1-4 linkage of the ? glucose monomers of starch. B) 1-4 linkage of the ? glucose monomers of cellulose. C) double-helical structure of a DNA molecule. D) ? helix secondary structure of a polypeptide. E) ? pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5. 8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. [pic] Figure 5. 8 84) Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes? A) 1 B) 5 C) 6 D) 12 E) 14 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 85) Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide? A) 1, 2, and 11 B) 3, 7, and 8 C) 5, 9, and 10 D) 11, 12, and 13 E) 12, 14, and 15 Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 86) Which of the following molecules contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group? A) 1 B) 4 C) 8 D) 10 E) 1 and 4 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 87) Which molecule is glycerol? A) 1 B) 6 C) 10 D) 14 E) 15 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 88) Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid? A) 1 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 89) Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base? A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 90) Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides? A) 1, 4, and 6 B) 2, 7, and 8 C) 7, 8, and 13 D) 11, 12, and 13 E) 12, 13, and 15 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 91) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain? A) 3 B) 7 C) 8 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 92) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction? A) 2 and 3 B) 3 and 7 C) 7 and 8 D) 8 and 9 E) 12 and 13 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 93) A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10. B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 94) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond? A) 3 and 4 B) 3 and 8 C) 6 and 15 D) 11 and 12 E) 11 and 13 Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 95) Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA? A) 1 B) 4 C) 6 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 96) Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond? A) 4 B) 6 C) 12 D) 13 E) 15 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 97) Which of the following molecules has a functional group that frequently forms covalent bonds that maintain the tertiary structure of a protein? A) 2 B) 3 C) 7 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 98) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic head region and a hydrophobic tail region? A) 2 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 99) Which of the following statements is false? A) Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. B) Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol. C) Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide. D) Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide. E) Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide. Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Scenario Questions Use the following information to answer the questions below. Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. 100) Among these biological polymers, which has the least structural variety? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) DNA D) RNA Answer: C Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 101) Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) DNA D) RNA Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 102) Professor Jamey Marth at the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified 70 molecules that are used to build cellular macromolecules and structures. These include at least 34 saccharides, 8 nucleosides, and 20 amino acids. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest information-coding capacity? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) DNA D) RNA Answer: A Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation End-of-Chapter Questions The following questions are from the end-of-chapter â€Å"Test Your Understanding† section in Chapter 5 of the textbook. 103) Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? A) monosaccharide B) disaccharide C) starch D) carbohydrate E) polysaccharide Answer: D Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 104) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the ? form. Which of the following could amylase break down? A) glycogen, starch, and amylopectin B) glycogen and cellulose C) cellulose and chitin D) starch and chitin E) starch, amylopectin, and cellulose Answer: A Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 105) Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true? A) They are more common in animals than in plants. B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C) They generally solidify at room temperature. D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. Answer: B Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 106) The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the A) primary level. B) secondary level. C) tertiary level. D) quaternary level. E) All structural levels are equally affected. Answer: A Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 107) Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes? A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. Answer: B Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 108) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? A) C60H120O60 B) C6H12O6 C) C60H102O51 D) C60H100O50 E) C60H111O51 Answer: C Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Application/Analysis 109) Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA? A) 5-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3 with 3-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5 B) 5-AGCT-3 with 5-TCGA-3 C) 5-GCGC-3 with 5-TATA-3 D) 5-ATGC-3 with 5-GCAT-3 E) All of these pairs are correct. Answer: D Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Application/Analysis If you need any writing assistance, please contact us! Ascendnaamba.org, best MBA essay writing service, provides all kinds of academic help.